Opponents of pollution regulation claim that regulations choke businesses, hurt welfare and destroy economic growth. Do pollution regulations in fact hurt producers and the economy? To address this question, we develop an integrated production-pollution-abatement model, and study two popular regulations-- Cap-and-Trade and Taxes-- under imperfect competition. We show that firms' strategic tradeoffs between output reduction and pollution abatement, not identified in the prior literature, drive industry profits, consumer surplus and welfare.

Using network survey and objective productivity data collected from the Esquel Group, a large textile company headquartered in Hong Kong, we find that the density of worker social connections within a production line positively and quadratically affects the line-average productivity. However, we find that at individual level social connections do not affect the mean productivity. Instead, the density of social connections affects the variance of productivity at individual level, which reasonably explains the quadratic pattern of influence at the line level.

This paper provides an examination of the notion of “distance” and ordering between the whole distributions of earnings for men and women, and some related counterfactuals.We investigate aggregative measures and their statistical implementation and evaluation. We provide a synthesis of the decision theoretic basis of measures for such things as the “gender gap”. “Strong” comparison/ordering of distributions of outcomes requires subjective evaluation functions reflecting decision maker’s preferences. Examples include popular notions of the “gender gap” based on means or medians.

Deep learning is a form of machine learning for nonlinear high dimensional pattern matching and prediction. By taking a Bayesian probabilistic perspective, we provide a number of advantages, with more efficient algorithms for optimization and hyper-parameter tuning, and an explanation of predictive performance. A framework for constructing good Bayesian predictors in high dimensions is provided.

This presentation gives an overview of recent developments on the Bayes risk in new contexts such as ranking forecast models by stochastic error distance (SED) proposed by Diebold and Shin (2017), Gini coefficient of income inequality, and expected Fisher information. The mean excess or residual function is the optimal predictor under the quadratic loss of the amount a random variable exceeds a given threshold, which is a function of the threshold, hence a local measure. Its global risk under a distribution for the threshold is the Bayes risk.

The agriculture industry plays a critical role in the U.S. economy and various industry sectors depend on the output of farms. To protect and raise farmers' income, the U.S. government offers two subsidy programs to farmers: the Price Loss Coverage (PLC) program which pays farmers a subsidy when the market price falls below a reference price, and the Agriculture Risk Coverage (ARC) program which is triggered when farmers' revenue is below a threshold. Given the unique features of PLC and ARC, we develop models to analyze their impacts on consumers, farmers, and the government.

In this paper we propose a novel misspecification test for simulation metamodels. It is a consistent test that helps to assess the adequacy of simulation metamodels. The test statistic we construct is shown to be asymptotically normally distributed under the null hypothesis that the metamodel is correct, while diverging to infinity at a rate of√n where n is the test sample size if the given metamodel is inadequate. Furthermore, as a by-product, we construct confidence intervals for mean squared errors of the metamodels.

Many classical sequential procedures model the partial sum difference process between two competing alternatives as a Brownian motion process. In this paper, the marginal probability of eliminating the best alternative is considered while modeling the partial sum difference process.

Telemedicine—remote provision of clinical services through the use of digital technologies—has the potential of significantly improving access to healthcare in rural areas across several low- and middle-income countries. However, evidence regarding the impact of this new channel of healthcare delivery on access and health outcomes is sparse.

Interest in cryptocurrencies – one may accurately say, fascination with them – and the decentralized ledger structure supporting them known as the blockchain has accelerated at an astonishing pace in the last year, indeed in just the last six months. Furthermore, the new fundraising mechanism, the initial coin offering or ICO, being used to fund projects to create decentralized apps based on distributed ledger technology has now raised a much larger sum of money than the more than $2 billion that had already been invested by venture capital firms.